Solanum elaeagnifolium

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:SOLANACEAE
Species:Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
Common Name:Silverleaf Nightshade; White Horse Nettle
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:SOEL
Plant Notes:Silverleaf Nightshade is an introduced perennial herbaceous plant in the Nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is native to the southern Plains south through South America and has been introduced around the world. It is considered a noxious weed in arid to semi-arid places including India, Australia, and South Africa. In Alabama it has been found in scattered locations in central and north Alabama. Silverleaf Nightshade is a perennial herb from an elongate taproot. It forms colonies from elongate rhizomes. The stems are 2-3 feet in height and branched above the middle. Stems may be armed with short, straight prickles or lack them. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate in outline, with undulate margins. The stems and leaves are densely covered with stellate (star shaped) hairs, giving them a silvery or grayish appearance. Flowers are produced in few-flowered axillary cymes. The calyx is five-lobed and stellate pubescent. The corolla is blue in color and 5-lobed in a star shape. The fruit is a globose yellow berry with many seed. Silverleaf Nightshade is toxic to humans or livestock if consumed. The plant contains solanine and glycoalkaloid solanidine. Consumption of the plant results in gastrointestinal, neurological, and coronary problems including emesis, stomach pains, dizziness, headaches, and arrhythmia.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilySOLANACEAE - Nightshade/Potato family
Genus Solanum
Species Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. - Silverleaf Nightshade; White Horse Nettle

Citation

Citation Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles, Icon. 3: 22–23, pl. 243. 1794 [1795].
Basionym: **
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Solanum dealbatum Solanum dealbatum Lindley, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 52. 1830.  
Solanum elaeagnifolium var. leprosum Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles, var. leprosum (Ortega) Dunal, in de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 291. 1852.Solanum leprosum Ortega 1800. 
Solanum elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles, var. obtusifolium Dunal, in de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 291. 1852.Solanum obtusifolium Dunal 1816, non Willdenow 1814. 
Solanum flavidum Solanum flavidum Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 227. 1828.  
Solanum hindsianum Solanum hindsianum Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulphur 39. 1844.  
Solanum leprosum Solanum leprosum Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 115. 1800. CHILE: Without data (holotype: MA; isotype: MPU).
Solanum obtusifolium Solanum obtusifolium Dunal, Solan. Syn. 26. 1816, non Willdenow 1814. MEXICO
Solanum roemerianum Solanum roemerianum Scheele, Linnaea 21: 767. 1848.  
Solanum saponaceum Solanum saponaceum Hooker, Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2697. 1826, non Dunal 1813.  
Solanum texense Solanum texense Engelmann & A. Gray, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 227. 1845. TEXAS: Without data, Lindheimer 135 (holotype: MO; isotypes: K).

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Calhoun, Cherokee, Jefferson, Mobile, Montgomery, Pickens, Tuscaloosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, JSU, TROY, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1894 - 1944

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
UNA00038693 Mobile 27 Sep 1894 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
JSU134436 Cherokee 8 Jul 1969 Ellard, Jerry
s.n.		 JSU
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
UNA00038688 Jefferson 06 Sep 1944 Harper, Roland M.
3977		 UNA
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
ALNHS00007789 Montgomery 01 AUG 2022 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#5795		 ALNHS
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
UWAL0039204 Montgomery 09 Sep 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28484		 UWAL
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
JSU134438 Cherokee 8 Jul 1969 Bible, Rebecca
s.n.		 JSU
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
TROY000047585 Montgomery 09 Sep 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28484		 TROY
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
ALNHS00007788 Montgomery 01 AUG 2022 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#5795		 ALNHS
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
UWAL0052075 Tuscaloosa 21 Sep 2020 Keener, Brian R.
11973		 UWAL
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
JSU134435 Calhoun 15 May 1956 Traylor, Wayman
s.n.		 JSU
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
TROY000050799 Pickens 04 Jun 2015 Keener, Brian R.
8979		 TROY
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
JSU134437 Cherokee 8 Jul 1969 Beaty, Norma J.
s.n.		 JSU
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
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