Verbena carnea

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:VERBENACEAE
Species:Verbena carnea Medik.
Common Name:Carolina Vervain; Carolina False Vervain
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Carolina Vervain is a native herbaceous perennial in the Verbena family (Verbenaceae). It can be found in the southern two thirds of Alabama. Carolina Vervain grows in sand hills, in scrub oak woods, in dry long leaf pine woods, and in dry mixed pine/hardwood forests. Carolina Vervain is a perennial from a tap root. One or more upright stems, 1-3 feet in height, are produced by each rootstock. Stems are square, green in color and often purple at the base. The stems are pubescent and glandular, especially towards the top. Leaves are opposite, sessile, pubescent, elliptic to oblong in outline, and serrate. The leaves are reduced in size up the stem. Flowers are produced in terminal spikes. Plants may produce from 1-5 spikes. The flowers are often widely spaced on the inflorescence. They may be solitary, in opposite pairs, or whorled, all on the same inflorescence. Flowers are pink to pale lavender in color. Only a few flowers are open at any one time, and flowering progresses from the bottom to the top of the spikes. The corolla is five lobed. The fruit is a schizocarp with tightly adhering mericarps. Carolina Vervain is not especially showy and is not usually available from wildflower nurseries.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyVERBENACEAE - Verbena family
Genus Verbena
Species Verbena carnea Medik. - Carolina Vervain; Carolina False Vervain

Citation

Citation Verbena carnea Medik., Bot. Beob. 1783 1783: 131. 1784.
Basionym: **
Type: USA: FLORIDA: Jefferson Co.: 1.5 mi. N of Wacissa, 5 May 1960, Godfrey 59506 (neotype: NCU; isoneotypes: SMU, VDB). Neotypified by G. L. Nesom, Phytoneuron 2010(15): 2. 2010.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Phryma caroliniensis Phryma caroliniensis Walter, Fl. Carol. 166. 1788. SOUTH CAROLINA:
Styleurodon carolinianum Styleurodon carolinianum Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 104. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Phryma caroliniensis Walter 1788. 
Stylodon scabrum Stylodon scabrum Rafinesque, Neogenyton 2. 1825, nom. illegit.Phryma caroliniensis Walter 1788. 
Stylodon carolinensis Stylodon caroliniense (Walter) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1135, 1508. 1933.Phryma caroliniensis Walter 1788. 
Verbena caroliniensis Verbena caroliniensis (Walter) J. F. Gmelin ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1009. 1903.Phryma caroliniensis Walter 1788. 
Verbena carnea Verbena carnea Medikus, Bot. Beob. 1783. 131. 1784. FLORIDA: Jefferson Co.: 1.5 mi. N of Wacissa, 5 May 1960, Godfrey 59506 (neotype: NCU; isoneotypes: SMU, VDB). Neotypified by G. L. Nesom, Phytoneuron 2010(15): 2. 2010.

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Bibb, Bullock, Chambers, Chilton, Choctaw, Clarke, Covington, Crenshaw, Escambia, Geneva, Hale, Henry, Houston, Lee, Macon, Mobile, Pike, Russell, Sumter, Tuscaloosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1952 - 1998

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA000040477 Covington 31 May 2012 Hansen, Curtis J.
5594		 AUA
Verbena Carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_24099 Russell 10 Aug 1971 Anderson, Robert
171		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_12845 Chambers 20 May 1967 Golden, Michael
168		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
USAM000015180 Mobile 23 Apr 1968 LeLong, Michel G.
4388		 USAM
Verbena carnea Medikus
TROY000030992 Lee 09 May 1950 Orr, W.P.
s.n.		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
UWAL0010235 Bibb 27 May 2012 Keener, Brian R.
7293		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_4052 Lee 5 May 1949 Cunningham, Hugh B.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
USAM000015179 Mobile 30 Apr 1968 Scott, D.L.
143		 USAM
Verbena carnea Medikus
TROY000009593 Crenshaw 05 May 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
13139		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
UNA00039935 Tuscaloosa 06 May 1952 Williams, B.C.
s.n.		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_7674 Lee 26 May 1960 Jones, Jr., Samuel B.
193		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0004402 Sumter 14 May 2007 Keener, Brian R.
3605		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
UNA00061117 Tuscaloosa 11 May 2003 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11841		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0015932 Bullock 26 Aug 2012 Dykes, Bailee
577		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_50873 Pike 20 May 1990 Diamond, Alvin R.
6914		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_41515 Macon 21 May 1972 Parker, G.W.
152		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_19414 Henry 25 May 1971 Moore, Harold D.
1169		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0054267 Choctaw 05 Jul 2021 Keener, Brian R.
12242		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
USAM000015181 Mobile 20 Apr 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3039		 USAM
Verbena carnea Medikus
TROY000024327 Tuscaloosa 11 May 2003 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11841		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
UNA00039812 Autauga 31 May 1980 Meigs, Russell A.
705		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0034816 Covington 08 May 1995 Kral, Robert
84573		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medikus
UNA00027782 Autauga _ Aug 1870 Smith, Eugene A.
s.n.		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_41732 Macon 20 May 1973 Botts, Daniel A.
159		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
ALNHS00006454 Russell 17 May 2019 Barger, T. Wayne
UFW#109		 ALNHS
Verbena carnea Medik
UWAL0049313 Bullock 03 Jun 2017 Horne, Howard E.
3961		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medikus
AUA_ACC_34639 Escambia 11 Jun 1979 Wells, Paul S.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA000042533 Covington 23 Apr 2012 Pancake, Jr., Dale C.
S.N.		 AUA
Verbena Carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_4051 Lee 9 May 1950 Orr, William P.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_23988 Chilton 20 May 1971 Freeman, John D.
715		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
JSU137004 Russell 03 May 1973 Langley, Andrea E.
089		 JSU
Verbena carnea Medicus
TROY000009596 Pike 05 May 1999 Martin, Brian H.
124		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
TROY000009594 Geneva 20 May 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17619		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
UNA00067049 Sumter 14 May 2007 Keener, Brian R.
3605		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0004401 Covington 09 May 2005 Kral, Robert
96313		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
UNA00045747 Houston 30 Apr 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11100		 UNA
Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_35935 Bibb 28 Jun 1979 Beckett, Scott W.
194		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
TROY000024325 Hale 13 May 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13914		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_37250 Clarke 11 May 1981 Henderson, T.
057		 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
TROY000038233 Bullock 26 Apr 2012 Dykes, Bailee
577		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
TROY000024326 Sumter 14 May 2007 Keener, Brian R.
3605		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
TROY000009595 Pike 05 May 1989 Blanton, Lola M.
s.n.		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_15294 Lee 11 May 1966 Searcy, James W.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_10986 Lee 30 May 1963 Rogers, Ken E.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
UWAL0005417 Lee 09 May 1950 Orr, W.P.
s.n.		 UWAL
Verbena carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_12699 Baldwin 29 Apr 1967 Barrick, William E.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
TROY000024324 Hale 13 May 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13913		 TROY
Stylodon carneus (Medicus) Moldenke
AUA_ACC_4048 Lee 11 May 1955 Mount, Robert H.
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
USAM000015178 Mobile 28 Apr 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3094		 USAM
Verbena carnea Medikus
USAM000015182 Mobile 30 Apr 1968 Scott, D.L.
143		 USAM
Verbena carnea Medikus
ALNHS00002598 Geneva 21 May 2014 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1384		 ALNHS
Verbena carnea Medik.
AUA_ACC_7055 Baldwin 5 Jul 1960 Knight, Dwight
 AUA
Stylodon Carneus (Medik.) Moldenke
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