Hepatica americana

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:RANUNCULACEAE
Species:Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.
Common Name:Round Lobed Liverleaf; Round Lobed Hepatica
Habitat:Rich rocky woods.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Round Lobed Liverleaf is a native perennial in the Buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It can be found in all but the southernmost counties in Alabama. Round Lobed Liverleaf grows on rocks and steep slopes in hardwood forests. It is often associated with limestone or basic soils. Round Lobed Liverleaf is a perennial from a short horizontal or ascending rhizome. The leaves are 3-6 inches in height. The blade of the leaf is deeply divided into three equal lobes. The lobes are rounded at the apex. The petiole of the leaf has long white hairs on it. The leaves are green mottled with darker green and silver above and purple below. Flowers are produced singly on a hairy stalk. Each flower is subtended by three large green bracts. Each flower has 5-12 petal like sepals. The sepals vary in color from white, to blue, to pink. The fruit is a cluster of achenes. One of two species of Hepatica or Liverleaf found in Alabama, Round Lobed Liverleaf has been treated both as a species and as a variety. It was also once placed in the genus Anemone, but molecular and morphological studies have recently been trending that it belongs in the genus Hepatica. The common name comes from the doctrine of signatures, a philosophy that believed that plants were placed here for the use of man. Clues, such as the plants shape or color, indicated the use of the plant. Liverleaf leaves resemble a human liver in outline, and the purple-red color of the underside of the leaf further adds to this similarity. Thus the plant was once thought to be an effective treatment for liver disorders. Round Lobed Liverleaf is occasionally offered for sale by wildflower nurseries. It prefers a shaded location with moist, humus rich soil. Because of their small size, plants should be placed near paths to facilitate viewing them. They also make an excellent choice for a rock garden or planting in rock crevices or at the base of hardwood trees.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyRANUNCULACEAE - Buttercup/Crowfoot family
Genus Hepatica
Species Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl. - Round Lobed Liverleaf; Round Lobed Hepatica

Citation

Citation Hepatica americana (A.P. de Candolle) Ker-Gawler, Bot. Reg. 5: pl. 387. 1819.
Basionym: Hepatica triloba var. americana DC. 1819.
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Anemonoides americana Anemonoides americana (de Candolle) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 165. 1973.Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. americana de Candolle 1817. 
Hepatica americana var. maculata Hepatica americana (de Candolle) Ker Gawler, var. maculata Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 56. 1928. MICHIGAN: Wayne Co.: Near Wayne, 11 May 1927, Farwell 7893 (holotype: BLH).
Hepatica americana var. parviflora Hepatica americana (de Candolle) Ker Gawler, var. parviflora (Rafinesque) Farwell, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 97. 1924.Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. parviflora Rafinesque 1828. 
Hepatica hepatica var. parviflora Hepatica hepatica (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, var. parviflora (Rafinesque) Farwell, Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 169. 1916.Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. parviflora Rafinesque 1828. 
Hepatica hepatica var. purpurea Hepatica hepatica (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, var. purpurea Farwell, Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 169. 1916. MICHIGAN: Wayne Co.: Rochester, 16 Apr 1914, Farwell 3595 (lectotype: BLH). Lectotypified by McVaugh et al., Cranbrooko Inst. Sci. Bull. 34: 41. 1953.
Hepatica triloba var. americana Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. americana de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 216. 1817.  
Hepatica triloba var. parviflora Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. parviflora Rafinesque, Med. Fl. 1: 239. 1828. KENTUCKY
Hepatica triloba var. obtusa Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. obtusa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 391. 1814.  
Anemone americana Anenome americana (DC.) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 33: 271. 1958.Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. americana de Candolle 1817. 
Hepatica hepatica    
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Hepatica nobilis Miller, var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark, Rhodora 62: 232. 1960.Hepatica triloba Chaix, var. obtusa Pursh 1814. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Bibb, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Clarke, Clay, Cleburne, Colbert, Coosa, DeKalb, Etowah, Franklin, Henry, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Marengo, Marshall, Monroe, Morgan, Pike, Randolph, Shelby, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Walker, Wilcox, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1892 - 1989

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA_ACC_58728 Cleburne 25 Apr 1981 Causey, Ann S.
2124		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127933 Calhoun 4 Mar 1970 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127952 Randolph 26 Jun 1986 Nixon, Christopher F.
2287		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0009991 Shelby 20 Mar 2010 Spaulding, Daniel D.
13220		 UWAL
Anemone americna (DC.) Hara
UNA00068759 Talladega 01 Mar 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4043		 UNA
Hepatica nobilis P. Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
AUA_ACC_15501 Tallapoosa 18 Mar 1966 Koelling, Alfred C.
S.N.		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU144457 Cleburne 06 Feb 1993 Hutchinson, Francine
1253		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
TROY000008118 Marengo 28 Mar 1980 Kral, Robert
66729		 TROY
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
UWAL0003612 Sumter 17 Apr 2010 Keener, Brian R.
5781		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127954 Talladega 1 Mar 1984 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0010821 Butler 04 Mar 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
22814		 UWAL
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_45808 Winston 17 Apr 1971 Widder, E.J.
57		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127960 Walker 18 Apr 1979 Whetstone, R. David
10551		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127958 Talladega 10 Mar 1983 Nixon, Christopher F.
38		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
USAM000013395 Monroe 10 Apr 1970 Wofford, B. Eugene
10410		 USAM
Hepatica americana (de Candolle) Ker Gawler
JSU127932 Calhoun 8 Mar 1955 Butler, John E.
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127938 Clay 2 Apr 1993 Ballard, J. Mark
1291		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127949 Marshall 8 Mar 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
1142		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UNA00030461 Tuscaloosa 24 Feb 1959 Williamson, Nelda Kathleen
s.n.		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
JSU127935 Cherokee 10 Mar 1992 Bailey, D.S.
6		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
TROY000027525 Talladega 01 Mar 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4043		 TROY
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
JSU127942 Cleburne 24 Feb 1996 Rogers, C.P.
006		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_46341 Clay 25 Mar 1978 Lamb, Trip
11		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
ALNHS00007597 Shelby 16 FEB 2022 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#5770		 ALNHS
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker-Gawl.
AUA000042606 Colbert 22 Aug 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
FH175		 AUA
Anemone Americana (Dc.) Hara
UWAL0033577 Cleburne 03 Apr 2010 England, J. Kevin
2304		 UWAL
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
TROY000047886 Autauga 03 Apr 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1578		 TROY
Hepatica americana (A. P. de Candolle) Ker-Gawler
UWAL0011701 Jefferson 31 Mar 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7719		 UWAL
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127943 Colbert 11 Apr 1978 Kral, Robert
61452		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0052179 Bibb 02 Mar 2019 Keener, Brian R.
10989		 UWAL
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.
UWAL0050878 Lawrence 28 Mar 1968 Kral, R.
29801		 UWAL
Hepatica americana (DC) Ker
UNA00030437 Lauderdale 02 Apr 1965 Thomas, Joab L.
752		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
JSU127939 Cleburne 24 Mar 1967 Prater, Pat
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_58198 Tallapoosa 3 Mar 1998 Tyler, Patricia J.
TYLER178		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
TROY000028643 Tuscaloosa 19 Mar 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4065		 TROY
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
AUA_ACC_48621 Henry 26 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4301		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127956 Talladega 1 Mar 1984 Nixon, Christopher F.
545		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0035350 DeKalb 04 Apr 2015 Keener, Brian R.
8711		 UWAL
Hepatica americana (A.P. de Candolle) Ker-Gawler
UWAL0019043 Franklin 14 Apr 1998 Kral, Robert
87289		 UWAL
Anemone americana (DC) Hara
JSU127929 Calhoun 25 Apr 1969 Kral, Robert
34447		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127941 Cleburne 24 Mar 1967 Harris, Norman
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0034942 Wilcox 05 Apr 2013 Webb, Wayne K.
s.n.		 UWAL
Anemone americana (DC.) Hara
ALNHS00001572 Clarke 17 Feb 2012 Horne, Howard E.
SWS-47		 ALNHS
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker-Gawler
JSU140407 Cleburne 24 Mar 1967 Reynolds, Elaine
12-101		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0003617 Marengo 28 Mar 1980 Kral, Robert
66729		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
UNA00065364 Winston 04 Mar 2005 England, J. Kevin
267		 UNA
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker-Gawl.
JSU127955 Talladega 10 Mar 1983 Nixon, Christopher F.
38		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_48529 Pike 15 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4221		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127945 DeKalb 15 Apr 1967 Collier, Gary
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127934 Cherokee 26 Mar 1992 Ballard, J. Mark
6		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127930 Calhoun 5 Mar 1968 Stuart, Martha
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
ALNHS00004122 Colbert 22 Jul 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#2389		 ALNHS
Hepatica americana (A.P. de Candolle) Ker-Gawler
AUA_ACC_62981 Cleburne 24 Aug 1957 Adams, W.H.
 AUA
Hepatica Noblis Schreber Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyernerk
JSU127946 Etowah 9 Apr 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
1127		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127944 Coosa 31 Mar 1983 Whetstone, R. David
12955		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127947 Lauderdale 8 Apr 1978 Kral, Robert
61356		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127950 Randolph 21 Mar 1987 Nixon, Christopher F.
3281		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0003615 Talladega 01 Mar 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4043		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
UNA00023870 Lawrence 26 Jun 1989 Harding, Dennis
s.n.		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
AUA_ACC_20891 Lauderdale 26 Mar 1970 Black, Bryan W.
S.N.		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU145241 Cleburne 06 Feb 1993 Hutchinson, Francine
1248		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
TROY000036460 Clarke 02 Mar 2012 Keener, Brian R.
6882		 TROY
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_45807 Clay 4 Apr 1971 Donavan, Lois A.
69		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127931 Calhoun 14 Mar 1995 Hruska, Susan E.
90		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_43526 Wilcox 1 Mar 1986 Diamond, Alvin R.
2070		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
TROY000044532 Shelby 20 Mar 2010 Spaulding, Daniel D.
13220		 TROY
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.
UWAL0034646 Cleburne 23 Apr 1990 Kral, Robert
77360		 UWAL
Heptica americana (DC) Ker
UNA00030446 Calhoun 01 Feb 1953 Hollis, C.G.
s.n.		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
JSU127951 Randolph 19 Aug 1986 Nixon, Christopher F.
2769		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0010390 Clarke 02 Mar 2012 Keener, Brian R.
6882		 UWAL
Anemone americana (DC.) Hara
JSU127936 Clay 21 Mar 1981 Whetstone, R. David
10454		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_36030 Bibb 17 Mar 1979 Beckett, Scott W.
90		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127937 Clay 3 Mar 1993 Ballard, J. Mark
1149		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127953 Talladega 4 Mar 1993 Weninegar. Loretta L.
28		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
TROY000037761 Butler 17 Mar 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23812		 TROY
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_20890 Colbert 16 Apr 1970 Angel, J.K.
S.N.		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127948 Limestone 1 Mar 1997 Hofmann, Tim L.
00230		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
JSU127940 Cleburne 4 Mar 1973 Whetstone, R. David
RDW-209		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_44067 DeKalb 4 Jul 1986 Diamond, Alvin R.
2606		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
UNA00030441 Lee 17 Apr 1892 Earle, Franklin S.
s.n.		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
JSU127959 Tuscaloosa 25 Feb 1984 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0003614 Lauderdale 13 Apr 1935 Spieth, Alda M.
s.n.		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
UNA00030436 Tuscaloosa _ _ 1874 Smith, Eugene A.
s.n.		 UNA
Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara
AUA_ACC_25930 Colbert 13 Mar 1965 Kral, Robert
23318		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU146152 Cleburne 30 Mar 1994 Hutchinson, Francine
2207		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
AUA_ACC_37388 Monroe 29 Apr 1981 Henderson, T.
18		 AUA
Hepatica Nobilis (L.) Schreb. Var. Obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
UWAL0003616 Tuscaloosa 19 Mar 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4065		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
JSU127957 Talladega 1 Mar 1984 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Anemone americana (A.P. de Candolle) Hara
UWAL0003611 Morgan 04 Apr 2009 England, J. Kevin
1862		 UWAL
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark
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