Manihot grahamii

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:EUPHORBIACEAE
Species:Manihot grahamii Hook.
Common Name:Hardy Tapioca; Graham's Manihot; Graham's Cassava
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:MAGR8
Plant Notes:Hardy Tapioca is an introduced shrub in the Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. In Alabama it is sometimes cultivated for its unusual foliage and has been collected as an escape primarily in the southeastern portion of the state. Hardy Tapioca is a shrub to 10 feet in height, though it is often killed back to ground level by freezing weather. It often forms clumps or thickets from root sprouts. The stems are erect, glabrous, green in color, and often glaucous. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, glabrous, with the blade palmately divided into 5-16 lobes. The largest middle leaflets are weakly secondarily lobed. Both the stem and leaves release a milky latex sap when injured. Flowers are produced in terminal or axillary panicles. The panicles contain both staminate and pistillate flowers. The flowers have 5 greenish-yellow sepals marked with a purple-brown spot on their inner surface. The sepals of the staminate flowers are united for about ½ of their length, while those of the pistillate flowers are separate for their entire length. The sepals remain loosely closed so that the flowers appear to be in bud. The fruit is a globose green capsule containing 3 seed. Hardy Tapioca is closely related to Manihot esculenta, whose starchy roots are the source of manioc, cassava, yuca, and tapioca. However, both species contain toxic cyanogenic glucosides that must be removed or neutralized before consumption.--A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyEUPHORBIACEAE - Spurge family
Genus Manihot
Species Manihot grahamii Hook. - Hardy Tapioca; Graham's Manihot; Graham's Cassava

Citation

Citation Manihot grahamii Hooker, Icon. Pl. 6: t. 530. 1843.
Basionym: **
Type: ARGENTINA: Paraná: Without localilty, 1837, Tweedie s.n. (lectotype: K). Lectotypified by Iberite & Iamonico, Acta Bot. Croat. 74: 145. 2015.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Manihot tweedieana Manihot tweedieana Müller Argoviensis, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(2): 450. 1874.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Calhoun, Coffee, Crenshaw, Houston, Pike

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, TROY, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 2019 - 2019

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
UWAL0056862 Coffee 12 May 2019 Keener, Brian R.
11133		 UWAL
Manihot grahamanii Hooker
UWAL0005482 Houston 05 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22025		 UWAL
Manihot grahamii Hooker
TROY000004723 Pike 11 Jul 2001 Diamond, Alvin R.
12526		 TROY
Manihot grahamii Hooker
TROY000004722 Crenshaw 25 Jun 2000 Diamond, Alvin R.
11742		 TROY
Manihot grahamii Hooker
ALNHS00004406 Houston 02 Nov 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#2706		 ALNHS
Manihot grahamii Hook.
AUA_ACC_49500 Pike 24 Jun 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
5080		 AUA
Manihot Grahamii Hook.
TROY000032522 Houston 05 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22025		 TROY
Manihot grahamii Hooker
AUA_ACC_59095 Crenshaw 25 Jun 2000 Diamond, Alvin R.
11742		 AUA
Manihot Grahamii Hook.
ALNHS00006293 Calhoun 06 Sep 2017 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#3333		 ALNHS
Manihot grahamii Hook.
ALNHS00008346 Houston 12 Sep 2023 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#6177		 ALNHS
Manihot grahamii Hook.
UWAL0016572 Calhoun 07 Oct 2013 Spaulding, Daniel D.
13874		 UWAL
Manihot grahamii Hook.
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