Morella caroliniensis

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:MYRICACEAE
Species:Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small
Common Name:Evergreen Bayberry; Pocosin Bayberry
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Shrub
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:MOCA7
Plant Notes:Evergreen Bayberry is a native shrub in the Bayberry family (Myricaceae). It can be found throughout most of Alabama. Evergreen Bayberry occurs along streams, in bogs, in pine flat woods, and in seeps. It is a large shrub reaching 9 feet in height. Twigs are dark grey to almost black in color and may be pubescent and glandular. The leaves are slightly aromatic, leathery, alternately arranged, and elliptic to obovate in outline. Leaves are evergreen and have toothed margins above the middle. Leaves are usually pubescent and glandular, at least along the major veins on the lower surface. The glands are yellow or amber colored. Staminate and pistillate flowers are produced on different plants (dioecious). Male flowers are produced in short, erect catkins in the early spring. The flowers are produced from leaf axils on wood of the previous season’s growth. Female flowers are produced on short side branches. The fruit is a wax coated drupe. Evergreen Bayberry has nitrogen-fixing filamentous bacteria in the genus Frankia associated with nodules along its roots. Evergreen Bayberry is similar to Common Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera (Linnaeus) Small). The leaves of Evergreen Bayberry are larger and broader than those of Common Wax Myrtle. The fruit of Evergreen Bayberry are also larger than those of Common Wax Myrtle. Evergreen Bayberry is often available from native plant nurseries. It is a good evergreen shrub for areas with moist, sandy, acidic soil. It does well in full sun or partial shade. The fruit are consumed by a variety of birds during the winter.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, G5 (Global Rank)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyMYRICACEAE - Bayberry family
Genus Morella
Species Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small - Evergreen Bayberry; Pocosin Bayberry

Citation

Citation Morella caroliniensis (Miller) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 337, 1329. 1903.
Basionym: Myrica caroliniensis Mill. 1768.
Type: USA: SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: pl. 13. 1730). Lectotypified by Wilbur, Rhodora 104: 39. 2002.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Cerothamnus caroliniensis    
Myrica caroliniensis    
Myrica heterophylla    
Myrica heterophylla var. curtissii    

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Clarke, Clay, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Dale, Elmore, Escambia, Etowah, Geneva, Hale, Houston, Lamar, Lee, Mobile, Pike, Randolph, Sumter, Tuscaloosa, Washington

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1893 - 1994

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA_ACC_41327 Butler 24 Dec 1985 Diamond, Alvin R.
2005		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133977 Cherokee 26 Sep 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000047652 Autauga 18 Apr 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
640		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
USAM000008681 Mobile 20 Apr 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3046		 USAM
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UNA00032012 Baldwin 08 Oct 1894 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UWAL0044502 Baldwin 07 Oct 1994 Larsen, Harry S.
235		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small
UWAL0036317 Mobile 23 Mar 2017 Horne, Howard E.
3750		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_50638 Dale 16 Aug 1991 Diamond, Alvin R.
7673		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000050789 Cherokee 01 Jun 2015 Keener, Brian R.
8946		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133986 Mobile 21 Jun 1998 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10331		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
JSU133974 Cherokee 24 Apr 1969 Tudor, Jessica
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000007214 Conecuh 17 Mar 2003 Kral, Robert
93662		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UNA00048592 Houston 12 Jan 1993 MacDonald, John R.
5834		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
AUA000040897 Lee 16 Sep 2016 Taylor, Chris T.
CSP-348		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133973 Cherokee 16 Jul 1984 Whetstone, R. David
14558		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UWAL0013476 Baldwin 05 Jun 1998 C., D.G.
9.3		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_55114 Pike 18 Jun 1995 Diamond, Alvin R.
9602		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133981 Escambia 26 Sep 1985 Lawler, Carol L.
067		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
USAM000008685 Mobile 21 Jul 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3388		 USAM
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0047030 Autauga 18 Apr 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
640		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133984 Lamar 30 Mar 1968 South, Jane
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UNA00032022 Mobile 09 Apr 1950 Crawford, Lloyd C.
867		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UNA00032023 Mobile 27 Mar 1982 Haynes, Robert R.
8503		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
TROY000040301 Clarke 27 Apr 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7776		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
AUA_ACC_67677 Escambia 28 Feb 2008 Hansen, Curtis J.
3238		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133976 Cherokee 26 Sep 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_15560 Autauga 10 Apr 1966 Koelling, Alfred C.
 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000021569 Cherokee 27 May 1978 Kral, Robert
61948		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
USAM000008683 Mobile 08 Aug 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
8102		 USAM
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
JSU133980 Escambia 26 Sep 1985 Lawler, Carol L.
067		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UWAL0031281 Cherokee 01 Jun 2015 Keener, Brian R.
8946		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P.Mill.) Small
AUA000042543 Covington 10 Nov 2010 Pancake, Jr., Dale C.
S.N.		 AUA
Morella Carolinensis (P.Mill.) Small
TROY000041212 Elmore 19 Sep 2011 Pullen, Robert
268		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133971 Cherokee 22 Sep 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9260		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
SAMF0007371 Covington 05 Apr 2021 Davenport, L.J.
6824		 SAMF
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000032551 Barbour 26 Apr 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21995		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
JSU133975 Cherokee 26 Sep 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000047736 Autauga 11 May 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1697		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
SAMF0003261 Conecuh 27 Dec 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21725		 SAMF
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UNA00032007 Mobile 12 Mar 1893 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UWAL0034818 Baldwin 18 Aug 1994 Kral, Robert
84113		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000039176 Conecuh 18 Sep 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24569		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0005226 Covington 21 Mar 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20540		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
AUA_ACC_62752 Hale 13 May 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13907		 AUA
Morella Carolinensis (P.Mill.) Small
TROY000040642 Escambia 31 Jul 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25406		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133982 Etowah 30 Oct 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
4057		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UWAL0018719 Calhoun 23 Aug 1996 Kral, Robert
86618		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P.Mill.) Small
TROY000021570 Etowah 15 May 1980 Kral, Robert
65042		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
JSU133987 Randolph 12 Oct 1986 Nixon, Christopher F.
3168		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
JSU140936 Cherokee 26 Sep 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000007215 Escambia 04 Jun 1972 Kral, Robert
47215		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
JSU133979 Clay 15 Oct 1994 Ballard, J. Mark
5316		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UWAL0030346 Escambia 17 Sep 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26845		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P.Mill) Small
ALNHS00000314 Baldwin 05 Jun 1998 Crow, D.G.
s.n.		 ALNHS
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
AUA000037864 Covington 15 Mar 2012 Hansen, Curtis J.
5421		 AUA
Morella Carolinensis (P.Mill.) Small
TROY000033485 Barbour 20 Aug 2011 Ryan, Lauren
10		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
USAM000008682 Mobile s.d. LeLong, Michel G.
3317.1		 USAM
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
TROY000050079 Escambia 18 Aug 2019 Diamond, Alvin R.
29045		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133983 Etowah 29 May 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
1584		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_18418 Geneva 25 Jul 1968 Kral, Robert
32022		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000021568 Autauga 14 Oct 1978 Kral, Robert
63062		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0047346 Autauga 11 May 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1697		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU151757 Cherokee 26 Sep 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
TROY000021571 Hale 13 May 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13907		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0011239 Washington 03 May 2007 Kral, Robert
97937.2		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
UWAL0002893 Conecuh 27 Dec 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21725		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
ALNHS00003186 Etowah 6 Oct 2014 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1572		 ALNHS
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
AUA_ACC_72999 Mobile 31 Jan 2015 Horne, Howard E.
2775		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000026105 Covington 21 Mar 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20540		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
TROY000042806 Escambia 17 Sep 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26845		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133988 Washington 1 Nov 1997 Higginbotham, Jerri W.
342		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_35855 Bibb 17 Oct 1979 Beckett, Scott W.
406		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000007216 Pike 15 Apr 2000 Hall, James A.
72		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0038160 Mobile 02 Apr 1968 LeLong, Michel G.
4264		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133972 Cherokee 13 Jul 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UNA00032013 Geneva 25 Jul 1968 Kral, Robert
32022		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UWAL0012331 Clarke 27 Apr 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7776		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UWAL0004851 Barbour 26 Apr 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21995		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
UNA00032097 Tuscaloosa 15 Jun 1974 Hoener, Fred K.
1012		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
AUA_ACC_21572 Coosa 24 Apr 1942 Henry, Mary G.
3406		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
JSU133978 Clay 13 Aug 1997 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9968		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
ALNHS00000192 Mobile 21 Jun 1998 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10331		 ALNHS
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
AUA_ACC_46277 Conecuh 1 Aug 1987 Diamond, Alvin R.
3459		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000036376 Bullock 19 Apr 2012 Dykes, Bailee
540		 TROY
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
TROY000032670 Conecuh 27 Dec 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21725		 TROY
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0018046 Etowah 03 Aug 1989 Kral, Robert
76830		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
UWAL0005227 Sumter 09 Apr 2007 Keener, Brian R.
3471		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
UNA00023511 Escambia 31 Aug 1994 Haynes, Robert R.
9503		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UWAL0011556 Bullock 19 Apr 2012 Dykes, Bailee
540		 UWAL
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
AUA_ACC_64425 Randolph 5 May 1986 Nixon, C.F.
2112		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
UNA00032018 Hale 15 Sep 1987 Haynes, Robert R.
9250		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
USAM000008684 Mobile 21 Oct 1978 LeLong, Michel G.
10601		 USAM
Myrica heterophylla Rafinesque
UWAL0050648 Cherokee 08 Jul 1969 Smith, D.
136		 UWAL
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
JSU133985 Lamar 30 Mar 1968 South, Jane
s.n.		 JSU
Morella caroliniensis (P. Miller) Small
UNA00032008 Mobile _ Jul 1879 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
UNA00055936 Houston 23 Oct 1994 MacDonald, John R.
8117		 UNA
Myrica heterophylla Raf.
AUA_ACC_19328 Escambia 25 Jul 1969 Moore, Harold D.
487-69		 AUA
Morella Caroliniensis (P. Mill.) Small
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