Maclura pomifera

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:MORACEAE
Species:Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid.
Common Name:Osage Orange; Bow wood; Hedge Apple
Habitat:Roadsides, fields and forest edges.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:MAPO
Plant Notes:Osage Orange is an introduced deciduous tree in the Mulberry family (Moraceae). It is native to the Red River valley area of southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Texas. In Alabama it is found state wide, but is most common in the Black Belt region of central Alabama and the Tennessee Valley region of north Alabama. Osage Orange grows in prairies, along fence rows, along roadsides, and in pastures. It is a medium sized tree reaching 60 feet in height. The bark is orange-brown in color, deeply furrowed, and peels in strips. Branches are green in color and armed with stout thorns and spur branches. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, ovate, lanceolate, or oblong in outline, pubescent along the midrib and major veins, with entire margins. The upper surface of the leaf is medium green and lustrous and the lower surface is pale green. The leaves turn yellow-green before falling in the autumn. Osage Orange is dioecious with male and female flowers on separate trees. Flowers are produced in yellow-green globose heads. The heads are either staminate or pistillate, and the flowers lack petals. The fruit is a large, round, pebbly syncarp with deeply embedded seed. The fruit is yellow-green in color and contains a milky sap when cut. Osage Orange was widely planted as a thorny barrier to contain livestock before barbed wire was available. It is also known as “bois d'arc” in reference to its use by Native Americans as a preferred wood for bows. Osage Orange is occasionally grown as a shade tree. A thronless male cultivar is available.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyMORACEAE - Mulberry family
Genus Maclura
Species Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. - Osage Orange; Bow wood; Hedge Apple

Citation

Citation Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) C.K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1(5): 806. 1906.
Basionym: Ioxylon pomiferum Raf. 1817.
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Ioxylon aurantiacum Ioxylon aurantiacum (Nuttall) Rafinesque, Med. Fl. 2: 260. 1830.Maclura aurantiaca Nuttall 1818. 
Ioxylon maclura Ioxylon maclura Rafinesque, New Fl. 3: 43. 1838 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Ioxylon pomiferum Rafinesque 1817. 
Ioxylon pomiferum Ioxylon pomiferum Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 118. 1817.  
Ioxylon pomiferum  Ioxylon pomiferum Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 118. 1817. 
Maclura aurantiaca Maclura aurantiaca Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 234. 1818.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Clarke, Colbert, Conecuh, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, DeKalb, Franklin, Greene, Hale, Jackson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Pike, Shelby, St. Clair, Sumter

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1967 - 1998

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
JSU133832 Cherokee 6 May 1980 Whetstone, R. David
9974		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133833 Clarke 13 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18746		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_13155 Lee 15 Apr 1965 Wright, Larry
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133826 Calhoun 13 Jul 1969 Payne, Jan E.
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
TROY000007164 Dale 11 Aug 2000 Pennington, Tiffany
955		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_14930 DeKalb 17 May 1969 Chitwood, John C.
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00031108 Hale 30 Aug 1979 Davenport, Lawrence J.
1559		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0005192 Marengo 05 Sep 2008 England, J. Kevin
1028		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0036483 Greene 28 Oct 2017 England, J. Kevin
8614		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) C.K. Schneider
TROY000040941 Sumter 22 Apr 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6399		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_2043 Lee 15 May 1953 Walsh, C.S.
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000037733 Butler 05 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23994		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0012056 Sumter 22 Apr 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6399		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0001973 Montgomery 29 Apr 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21293		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000044005 Limestone 09 Sep 2012 England, J. Kevin
3931		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_14929 Lee 8 May 1969 Barnes, W.K.
112		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00063636 Jackson 15 Jul 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1042		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0005189 Butler 21 Sep 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
20071		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133834 Colbert 1 Jun 1969 Sizemore, Donny
21-19		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_73206 Limestone 9 Sep 2012 England, J. Kevin
3931		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00022396 Sumter 04 Oct 1993 Haynes, Chris G.
s.n.		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133906 Shelby 3 Sep 1972 McCool, Jeff
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0047177 Autauga 16 Aug 2019 Parker, Matthew R.
1877		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0018122 Limestone 09 Sep 2012 England, J. Kevin
3931		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0032814 Lauderdale 17 Jun 2016 England, J. Kevin
6584		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UNA00031106 Mobile s.d. Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
USAM000008642 Greene 07 Jun 1977 LeLong, Michel G.
9853		 USAM
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133836 Franklin 14 May 1993 Whetstone, R. David
16176		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA000038804 Lauderdale 17 Jun 2016 England, J. Kevin
6584		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133835 Cherokee 19 Sep 1972 Phifer, Gene
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_70860a Franklin 13 Jun 2008 England, J. Kevin
812		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00022752 Greene 08 Jun 1993 Haynes, Chris G.
s.n.		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0050133 Autauga 17 Apr 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1599		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0049295 Bullock 01 Oct 2016 Horne, Howard E.
3625		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) C. K. Schneider
AUA_ACC_46934 Marengo 10 Oct 1982 Wilburn, John C.
53		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0050651 Calhoun 31 Aug 1972 Landers, K.E.
s.n.		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider
UWAL0005196 Sumter 26 Apr 1998 Keener, Brian R.
713		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider
TROY000048839 Autauga 16 Aug 2019 Parker, Matthew R.
1877		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid.
AUA_ACC_45915 Lowndes 3 May 1971 Donavan, Lois A.
271		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00047111 Barbour 09 May 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11165		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0010881 Butler 22 Apr 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
22973		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneier
UNA00031098 Lowndes 09 Jul 1988 Burckhalter, Robert
1419		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
AUA_ACC_775 Lee 8 May 1949 Finch, C.Thornton
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00022767 Marengo 09 Sep 1993 Haynes, Chris G.
s.n.		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133838 Jackson 8 Aug 1976 Whetstone, R. David
8803		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
USAM000008641 Baldwin 12 Nov 1988 Benson, Elizabeth W.
s.n.		 USAM
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133830 Cherokee 19 Sep 1972 L'Eplattenier, R.
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0005190 Franklin 13 Jun 2008 England, J. Kevin
812		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133904 Morgan 5 Aug 1974 Atkinson, Tim A.
545		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU144002 Calhoun 18 Sep 1984 Nixon, Christopher F.
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0005193 Marengo 15 Oct 2006 Reynolds, R. Brock
19		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneid.
JSU144004 Calhoun 25 Apr 1967 Boone, W.E. (Bill)
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
TROY000007165 Monroe 20 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18245		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133825 Calhoun 20 Jul 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11493		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_14254 Montgomery 3 Aug 1967 Rankin, H.Taylor
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
AUA_ACC_10620 Lee 4 May 1963 Lamb, James M.
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
ALNHS00003923 Colbert 10 May 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
FH-675		 ALNHS
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
AUA_ACC_52408 Pike 19 May 1994 Diamond, Alvin R.
9168		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00031103 Greene 22 Jul 1967 Thomas, Joab L.
T 1082		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
SAMF0002158 Montgomery 18 Jun 2010 Davenport, Lawrence J.
4340		 SAMF
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133831 Cherokee 27 Oct 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13823		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133828 Calhoun 13 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2834		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133839 Lauderdale 4 Aug 1996 Whetstone, R. David
18347		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_67611 Cullman 31 Mar 2007 Hinkle, R.S.
17-6		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133837 Jackson 15 Jul 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1042		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
TROY000034378 Hale 01 May 2010 Keener, Brian R.
5929		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133901 Madison 22 Sep 1995 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA000043348 Cullman Wolf, Wolfgang
676		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
AUA_ACC_14001 Montgomery 28 Apr 1967 Lane, Ronnie
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000021177 Franklin 13 Jun 2008 England, J. Kevin
812		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_19783 Lee 4 May 1969 Moore, Harold D.
153-69		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00031107 Greene 22 Jul 1967 Thomas, Joab L.
T 1082		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0013725 Butler 05 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23994		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0005194 Sumter 23 May 1984 Green
28		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000033305 Montgomery 29 Apr 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21293		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133824 Calhoun 18 Sep 1984 Nixon, Christopher F.
818		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
UWAL0005191 Hale 01 May 2010 Keener, Brian R.
5929		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
ALNHS00000405 Dallas 24 May 2010 Barger, T. Wayne
OC-178		 ALNHS
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0005195 Sumter 23 May 1984 Welch
56		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000007166 Pike 19 Apr 1997 Pyron, Dawn L.
1		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_10742 Lee 22 May 1963 Potts, William N.
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000021476 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19633		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_2041 Lee 13 May 1956 Krueger, Donald R.
 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133903 Monroe 12 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18496		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_41566 Conecuh 17 Aug 1985 Diamond, Alvin R.
1505		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00031100 Marengo 28 Apr 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2017		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
JSU133840 Lawrence 25 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17711		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133827 Calhoun 30 Apr 1969 Morello, Sandra
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
TROY000049645 Autauga 17 Apr 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1599		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
AUA_ACC_22172 Montgomery 30 Apr 1970 Knotts, Carl R.
168		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UWAL0053982 Limestone 24 Apr 2020 England, J. Kevin
10926		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid
UWAL0005197 Sumter 17 Jun 2000 Holland, Richard
AP00-20		 UWAL
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
UNA00073335 Franklin 13 Jun 2008 England, J. Kevin
812		 UNA
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
AUA_ACC_22441 Crenshaw 21 May 1970 Montgomery, John
171		 AUA
Maclura Pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
TROY000021475 Butler 21 Sep 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
20071		 TROY
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
ALNHS00000905 Jackson 01 Sep 2010 Barger, T. Wayne
HC-553		 ALNHS
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
USAM000008640 Baldwin 30 Apr 1989 Burkhalter, James R.
11404		 USAM
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133905 St. Clair 29 Jun 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
SAMF0003110 Hale 02 Jun 2015 Davenport, Lawrence J.
5773		 SAMF
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133829 Calhoun 22 Apr 1967 Collier, Gary
4		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
JSU133902 Marshall 19 Jul 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2332		 JSU
Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider
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